Palabras clave
Desnutrição proteica
Placenta
Ovário
Sistema endocanabinoide
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Resumen
Objetivo: Analizar los efectos de la desnutrición proteica gestacional sobre la interfaz ovario–placenta, destacando los mecanismos oxidativos, inflamatorios y la modulación endocannabinoide. Revisión de la literatura: El embarazo implica adaptaciones morfofuncionales complejas del sistema reproductor femenino, donde el adecuado aporte proteico es fundamental para la esteroidogénesis ovárica, la placentación, la angiogénesis y el equilibrio redox. La restricción proteica reduce la actividad antioxidante, incrementa la producción de especies reactivas de oxígeno y activa vías inflamatorias como NF-κB, ocasionando disfunciones placentarias, alteraciones en la vascularización materno-fetal y desequilibrios hormonales. El sistema endocannabinoide desempeña un papel clave en la implantación embrionaria, la inmunotolerancia y el desarrollo placentario. Estudios experimentales muestran que el cannabidiol posee propiedades antioxidantes y antiinflamatorias, modulando vías como Nrf2, PI3K/Akt/mTOR y CREB, con posible impacto en la homeostasis ovárica y placentaria. Consideraciones finales: La desnutrición proteica gestacional constituye un importante factor de riesgo para alteraciones en la interfaz ovario–placenta. El potencial modulador del cannabidiol requiere validación adicional para garantizar su seguridad durante la gestación.
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