Resumen
Objetivo: Evaluar los efectos de la semaglutida en los resultados cardiovasculares en adultos obesos, independientemente de su efecto sobre la pérdida de peso. Métodos: Se realizó una revisión bibliográfica integradora utilizando las bases de datos PubMed Central (PMC), Virtual Health Library (BVS) y CAPES Periodicals, utilizando los descriptores en combinación con el operador booleano “AND”: Semaglutida, Enfermedades Cardiovasculares y Obesidad. Se encontraron 986 artículos, filtrados según los criterios de inclusión (idioma inglés; período de 2021 a 2026) y criterios de exclusión (artículos duplicados, resúmenes, fuera del alcance). De esta búsqueda, se seleccionaron 20 artículos para la investigación. Resultados: La semaglutida demostró beneficios consistentes en pacientes obesos, independientemente del control glucémico y la diabetes, incluyendo pérdida de peso, mejora en las limitaciones físicas, capacidad de ejercicio, reducción de eventos cardiovasculares y renales, acción antiinflamatoria y cardiometabólica. El tratamiento con semaglutida aún mostró un perfil de seguridad favorable en comparación con placebo. Sin embargo, estos beneficios se asocian con un mayor riesgo de efectos gastrointestinales adversos y enfermedad de la vesícula biliar. Consideraciones finales: La semaglutida demuestra beneficios independientemente del control glucémico, incluyendo reducción de la inflamación, mejora de los biomarcadores cardíacos y una remodelación cardíaca favorable, lo que respalda su potencial como terapia cardiometabólica.
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