Resumen
Objetivos: Analizar las principales soluciones irrigantes utilizadas en endodoncia, considerando su eficacia antimicrobiana, biocompatibilidad y efectos sobre la estructura de la dentina, con el fin de apoyar la toma de decisiones clínicas basadas en evidencia. Métodos: Se trata de una revisión integradora de la literatura, realizada conforme a las directrices PRISMA, con búsquedas en las bases de datos PubMed, Medline y ScienceDirect. Se incluyeron estudios publicados entre 2014 y 2024, en los idiomas portugués e inglés, que abarcaban metaanálisis, ensayos clínicos aleatorizados y revisiones sistemáticas. Tras la aplicación de los criterios de inclusión y exclusión, se seleccionaron 31 estudios para el análisis cualitativo. Resultados: El hipoclorito de sodio presentó elevada eficacia antimicrobiana, aunque se asoció con una reducción de la microdureza dentinaria. El ácido etilendiaminotetraacético y el ácido cítrico demostraron eficacia en la remoción de la smearlayer. Los irrigantes alternativos, como las nanopartículas de plata y los extractos naturales, incluyendo la quitosana y la moringa, mostraron resultados prometedores en cuanto a la acción antimicrobiana y la biocompatibilidad, aunque aún requieren mayor respaldo científico. Consideraciones finales: No existe una solución irrigadora ideal. La combinación racional de agentes, especialmente el hipoclorito de sodio y el ácido etilendiaminotetraacético, asociada a sustancias biocompatibles, representa una estrategia adecuada para optimizar la desinfección, preservar la dentina y favorecer mejores resultados endodónticos.
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