Resumen
Objetivo: Analizar el perfil clínico - epidemiológico y asistencial de recién nacidos prematuros ingresados en una Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos Neonatales (UCIN). Métodos: Se realizó un estudio transversal, descriptivo e inferencial con un enfoque cuantitativo mediante el análisis de 54 historias clínicas de recién nacidos prematuros ingresados en la UCIN de un hospital de referencia en el estado de Pará entre marzo y agosto de 2025. Se analizaron variables clínicas y perinatales, incluyendo sexo, edad gestacional, peso al nacer, puntaje de Apgar, intervenciones terapéuticas y resultado clínico. Resultados: Predominó el sexo masculino (57,41%). Se observó una alta frecuencia de muy bajo peso al nacer (48,15%) y edad gestacional entre 28 y 31 semanas (48,15%). En el primer minuto, el 62,97% presentó un puntaje de Apgar <7, con mejoría en el quinto minuto en el 77,78% de los casos. El síndrome de dificultad respiratoria se presentó en el 96,30% de los neonatos. Todos los recién nacidos requirieron ventilación mecánica invasiva: el 77,78 % recibió surfactante, el 88,89 % utilizó antibióticos, el 64,81 % requirió reanimación al nacer, el 51,85 % recibió transfusiones sanguíneas y el 87,04 % se sometió a fototerapia. Conclusión: Los recién nacidos presentaron alta vulnerabilidad clínica y una gran demanda de intervenciones intensivas, lo que pone de relieve la complejidad de la atención neonatal.
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