Resumen
Objetivo: Analizar las condiciones sensibles a la atención prenatal asociadas con desenlaces maternos y perinatales desfavorables, identificando evidencias sobre intervenciones eficaces para la reducción de la morbimortalidad y la detección temprana de factores de riesgo gestacionales. Métodos: Se realizó una revisión bibliográfica integradora utilizando las bases de datos PubMed (Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online), Virtual Health Library (Literatura Latinoamericana y Caribeña en Ciencias de la Salud) y Scientific Electronic Library Online. Se incluyeron estudios publicados entre 2015 y 2025, en cualquier idioma, sobre el impacto de la atención prenatal en los resultados del embarazo. Resultados: Se incluyeron ocho estudios realizados en distintos países y con diseños variados. El análisis permitió organizar tres categorías temáticas: resultados maternos y perinatales, modelos de atención prenatal y educación para la salud prenatal. Los hallazgos mostraron una asociación entre la atención prenatal inadecuada y una mayor incidencia de preeclampsia, prematuridad, bajo peso al nacer y mortalidad neonatal. También se observaron efectos positivos de la atención prenatal grupal y las intervenciones educativas sobre los resultados obstétricos y emocionales. Consideraciones finales: Los resultados indican que la atención prenatal cualificada es fundamental para la prevención de resultados adversos, lo que refuerza la necesidad de ampliar las estrategias de atención y fortalecer las políticas públicas.
Referencias
AINSCOUGH KM, et al. Nutrition, behavior change and physical activity outcomes from the PEARS RCT—an mHealth-supported, lifestyle intervention among pregnant women with overweight and obesity. Frontiers in Endocrinology, 2020; 10: 938.
AMERICAN COLLEGE OF OBSTETRICIANS AND GYNECOLOGISTS. Tailored prenatal care delivery for pregnant individuals: ACOG Clinical Consensus No. 8. Obstetrics & Gynecology, 2025; 145(5): 565-577.
BARBOSA IRC, et al. Maternal and fetal outcome in women with hypertensive disorders of pregnancy: the impact of prenatal care. Therapeutic Advances in Cardiovascular Disease, 2015; 9(4): 140-146.
CAMPBELL OMR, et al. Learning from success: the main drivers of the maternal and newborn health transition in seven positive-outlier countries and implications for future policies and programmes. BMJ Global Health, 2024; 9(Suppl 2): e012126.
CHAVES CL. Adequate prenatal care and maternal morbidity among birthing people with preexisting comorbidities. Maternal and Child Health Journal, 2025; 29(4): 504-514.
CUNNINGHAM SD, et al. Group prenatal care reduces risk of preterm birth and low birth weight: a matched cohort study. Journal of Women’s Health, 2019; 28(1): 17-22.
DA SILVA AM, et al. The role of prenatal care in fetal and infant development in Brazil: a narrative review. Healthcare, 2025; 13(19): 2414.
DE CARVALHO PP. Evaluación de la eficacia y efectividad de la atención nutricional. Nutricion Hospitalaria, 2015; 32(2): 845-854.
DA SILVA FC, RODRIGUES GM. Standards in prenatal care. In: MOREIRA DE SÁ RA, FONSECA EB, org. Perinatology. Springer International Publishing: Cham, 2022; p157-169.
GAIKWAD V, et al. A comparative study of fetal and maternal outcomes in registered and unregistered antenatal cases in a tertiary care center. Cureus, 2024; 16(8): e66066.
GUMEDE S, et al. Attendance at antenatal clinics in inner-city Johannesburg, South Africa and its associations with birth outcomes: analysis of data from birth registers at three facilities. BMC Public Health, 2017; 17(S3): 443.
HOOPER E, et al. The effectiveness of antenatal education on improving labour and birth outcomes – a systematic review and meta-analysis. Women and Birth, 2025; 38(1): 101843.
IACOBAN SR, et al. Innovative models for integrative prenatal care. BRAIN, 2024; 15(1): 14-33.
JIAO B, et al. Association between achieving adequate antenatal care and health-seeking behaviors: a study of Demographic and Health Surveys in 47 low- and middle-income countries. PLoS Medicine, 2024; 21(7): e1004421.
KERMORVANT-DUCHEMIN E, VILLE Y. Prenatal diagnosis of congenital malformations for the better and for the worse. Journal of Maternal-Fetal & Neonatal Medicine, 2017; 30(12): 1402-1406.
LADAK Z, et al. Equity in prenatal healthcare services globally: an umbrella review. BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth, 2024; 24(1): 191.
MARTENS N, et al. Implementing group care in Dutch and Surinamese maternity and child care services: the vital importance of addressing outer context barriers. BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth, 2024; 24(1): 527.
MARDY AH et al. Maternal genetic disorders and fetal development. Prenatal Diagnosis, 2020; 40(9): 1056-1065.
MCCOURT C, et al. Experiences of group antenatal care in the context of the NHS in England: what are the mechanisms by which it functions in this context? Frontiers in Global Women’s Health, 2025; 6: 1625785.
MEHAY A, et al. What are the mechanisms of effect of group antenatal care? A systematic realist review and synthesis of the literature. BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth, 2024; 24: 625.
MENDES KDS, et al. Revisão integrativa: método de pesquisa para a incorporação de evidências na saúde e na enfermagem. Texto & Contexto - Enfermagem, 2008; 17(4): 758-764.
OUZZANI M, et al. Rayyan—a web and mobile app for systematic reviews. Systematic Reviews, 2016; 5(1): 210.
PEAHL AF, HOWELL JD. The evolution of prenatal care delivery guidelines in the United States. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 2021; 224(4): 339-347.
TESSEMA M, et al. Effectiveness of group-based psycho-education on preventing postpartum depression among pregnant women by primary healthcare provider in primary healthcare institution: a cluster-randomized controlled trial. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 2024; 15: 1433942.
TITE-TIBANQUIZA K, et al. Association between prenatal control and the incidence of preeclampsia in Ecuadorian pregnant women: a cross-sectional study. Journal of Medical and Health Studies, 2024; 5(3): 1-10.
TUCKER CM, et al. Group prenatal care and maternal outcomes: a scoping review. MCN: The American Journal of Maternal/Child Nursing, 2021; 46(6): 314-322.
