Palabras clave
Dieta
Enfermedad crónica
Cómo citar
Copyright © | Todos los derechos reservados.
La revista posee los derechos de autor exclusivos para la publicación de este artículo en los términos de la ley brasileña 9610/98.
Reproducción parcial
El uso de partes de los textos, figuras y cuestionario del artículo es libre, siendo obligatoria la citación de los autores y revista.
Reproducción total
Está expresamente prohibido y debe ser autorizado por la revista.
Resumen
Objetivo: Investigar la eficacia y los mecanismos de acción de la fotobiomodulación en el manejo de la COVID-19, incluyendo la fase aguda y las secuelas persistentes (COVID prolongada). Métodos: Se trata de una revisión integradora de la literatura realizada en bases de datos internacionales. Se incluyeron ensayos clínicos, series de casos y estudios experimentales (in vitro e in vivo), publicados entre 2021 y 2026, con énfasis en parámetros dosimétricos y resultados clínicos. Resultados: Se incluyeron 16 estudios. En la fase aguda, la fotobiomodulación mostró efectos inmunomoduladores, con reducción de citocinas proinflamatorias (IL-6, TNF-α) y mejora de la oxigenación y de los parámetros pulmonares. En la COVID prolongada, se observó eficacia en la recuperación de anosmia, ageusia y dolor crónico. A nivel mecanístico, promueve la modulación mitocondrial e inhibe la vía NF-κB. Consideraciones finales: La fotobiomodulación es una terapia adyuvante no invasiva prometedora en el manejo de la COVID-19. No obstante, la heterogeneidad de los protocolos limita su estandarización clínica, siendo necesarios más ensayos clínicos.
Referencias
AGUIDA B, et al. Infrared light therapy relieves TLR-4 dependent hyper-inflammation of the type induced by COVID-19. Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology B: Biology, 2021; 222: 112264.
AGUIDA B, et al. Near-infrared triggers ROS to downregulate inflammatory cytokines induced by SARS-CoV-2 spike. Antioxidants, 2023; 12(10): 1824.
AZADEH SS, et al. Light-based therapy: novel approach to treat COVID-19. Tanaffos, 2023; 22(3): 279.
CAMPOS MCV, et al. Vascular photobiomodulation for orofacial pain and tension-type headache after COVID-19. Scientific Reports, 2024; 14: 82412.
CECCHINI R e CECCHINI AL. SARS-CoV-2 infection pathogenesis is related to oxidative stress as a response to aggression. Medical Hypotheses, 2020; 143: 110102.
CHUNG H, et al. The nuts and bolts of low-level laser (light) therapy. Annals of Biomedical Engineering, 2012; 40(2): 516-533.
CIORTEA VM, et al. Low-level laser therapy in the rehabilitation of COVID-19 pneumonia. Balneo Research Journal, 2021; 12(3): 458.
DEL RIO C, et al. Long-term health consequences of COVID-19. JAMA, 2020; 324(17): 1723-1724.
FATEMI A, et al. Intravenous photobiomodulation therapy in COVID-19. Archives of Clinical Infectious Diseases, 2024; 19(1): e140556.
HAMBLIN MR. Mechanisms and applications of the anti-inflammatory effects of photobiomodulation. AIMS Biophysics, 2017; 4(3): 337-361.
HAMBLIN MR. Shining light on the head: photobiomodulation for brain disorders. BBA Clinical, 2016; 6: 113-124.
HANNA R, et al. Phototherapy as a rational antioxidant treatment: possible role in COVID-19 management. Antioxidants, 2020; 9(9): 875.
HUANG YY, et al. Biphasic dose response in low level light therapy. Dose-Response, 2009; 7(4): 358-383.
HUANG C, et al. Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China. The Lancet, 2020; 395(10223): 497-506.
JAHANI-SHERAFAT S, et al. The effectiveness of photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT) in COVID-19 infection. Journal of Lasers in Medical Sciences, 2020; 11(Suppl 1): S4.
KARU TI. Primary and secondary mechanisms of action of visible to near-IR radiation on cells. Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology B: Biology, 1999; 49(1): 1-17.
KITCHEN LC, et al. Rationale for 1068 nm photobiomodulation therapy as a novel non-invasive treatment for COVID-19 and other coronaviruses. Photodiagnosis and Photodynamic Therapy, 2022; 37: 102668.
MACEDO DB, et al. Influence of photobiomodulation therapy on pulmonary inflammatory conditions and impact on COVID-19. Lasers in Medical Science, 2021; 36: 1951-1960.
MARASHIAN SM, et al. Photobiomodulation improves serum cytokine response in mild-moderate COVID-19. Frontiers in Immunology, 2022; 13: 929837.
MATOS BTL, et al. Photobiomodulation therapy as a possible new approach in COVID-19. Lasers in Medical Science, 2021; 36: 1567-1573.
MERAD M, MARTIN JC. Pathological inflammation in patients with COVID-19. Nature Reviews Immunology, 2020; 20(6): 355-362.
MOK CK, et al. Evaluation of in vitro and in vivo antiviral activities of vitamin D for SARS-CoV-2 and variants. Pharmaceutics, 2023; 15(3): 925.
MOKMELI S, VETRICI M. Low-level laser therapy to attenuate cytokine storm and reduce ventilators in COVID-19. Canadian Journal of Respiratory Therapy, 2020; 56: 75-77.
MOSKVIN S, et al. Low-level laser therapy in prevention of endothelial dysfunction and clinical experience in COVID-19. Journal of Healthcare Engineering, 2021; 2021: 6626932.
MNGWENGWE L, et al. The effects of low-level laser therapy on SARS-CoV-2 infection. Journal of Biophotonics, 2023; 16(12): e202300334.
LIU J, et al. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging biomaterials for anti-inflammatory diseases: from mechanism to therapy. Journal of Hematology & Oncology, 2023; 16(1): 116.
PANHOCA VH, et al. Can photobiomodulation restore anosmia and ageusia induced by COVID-19? Journal of Biophotonics, 2023; 16(6): e202300003.
PEREIRA PC, et al. Cardiopulmonary and hematological effects of infrared LED photobiomodulation in SARS-CoV-2. Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology B: Biology, 2023; 236: 112619.
SADULLA S. Effect of pranayama on lung function in post-COVID rehabilitation among middle-aged adults: a clinical study. Journal of Yoga, Sports, and Health Sciences, 2025: 24-30.
SALES ME, ME, et al. Intranasal photobiomodulation therapy for olfactory dysfunction in post-COVID-19 patients. Lasers in Medical Science, 2023; 38: 114.
ROSA IF, et al. Photobiomodulation reduces cytokine storm syndrome in zebrafish model. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 2023; 24(7): 6104.
SOHEILIFAR S, et al. Photobiomodulation therapy as a high potential treatment modality for COVID-19. Lasers in Medical Science, 2020; 36: 935-938.
VETRICI M MA, et al. Evaluation of adjunctive photobiomodulation therapy for COVID-19 pneumonia. Photobiomodulation, Photomedicine and Laser Surgery, 2021; 39(6): 363-370.
WILLIAMS RK, et al. Whole-organ transdermal photobiomodulation of COVID-19. Photobiomodulation, Photomedicine and Laser Surgery, 2022; 40(2): 96-101.
XU X, et al. Zhuifeng tougu capsules inhibit the TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB signaling pathway and alleviate knee osteoarthritis: in vitro and in vivo experiments. Frontiers in Pharmacology, 2022; 13: 951860.