Palabras clave
Hidroxiurea
Ruxolitinib
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Resumen
Objetivo: Comprender en general el diagnóstico y la patogenia de las neoplasias mieloproliferativas negativas para el cromosoma Filadelfia. Revisión de la literatura: La trombosis es la amenaza más inmediata para la salud de los pacientes. Esto significa que los pacientes con neoplasias mieloproliferativas tienen un mayor riesgo de desarrollar trombosis en comparación con la población general. Los enfoques terapéuticos actuales tienen como objetivo reducir el riesgo de trombosis con agentes antiplaquetarios, flebotomía terapéutica y terapias citorreductoras como la hidroxiurea. Debido al riesgo inherente de trombosis en PV y TE, independientemente de la estratificación de riesgo actual, se ha optado por iniciar la terapia citorreductora. El descubrimiento de la mutación activadora de JAK2 (V617F), presente en más del 70 % de los pacientes con MPN, permitió el desarrollo de nuevos inhibidores bioquímicamente selectivos de JAK2. Uno de los inhibidores de JAK1/2 es ruxolitinib, que es un agente no mielotóxico que no mata las células madre hematopoyéticas. Consideraciones finales: A pesar de los avances, es necesario buscar nuevos agentes terapéuticos que ofrezcan buena acción y menores efectos secundarios.
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