Resumen
Objetivo: Evaluar la asociación entre niveles séricos de vitamina A y características tumorales en pacientes con cáncer de mama sometidas a radioterapia, con énfasis en receptores hormonales y subtipo triple negativo. Métodos: Estudio de cohorte prospectivo (febrero–junio de 2025) con 50 mujeres con cáncer de mama sometidas a cirugía y remitidas a radioterapia en Río de Janeiro, Brasil. Se recolectaron datos clínicos y de estilo de vida. La vitamina A sérica se midió por cromatografía líquida de alta resolución antes de la radioterapia. La deficiencia se definió como <0,30 mg/L. Se aplicaron pruebas t, chi-cuadrado o Fisher y riesgo relativo (α=5%). Resultados: Edad media de 54,6 ± 12,2 años; 26% presentó deficiencia. Tumores ER+ y PR+ mostraron niveles más altos que los negativos. El subtipo triple negativo presentó menores niveles y mayor prevalencia de deficiencia (RR=3,43). No hubo asociación con IMC, tabaquismo, alcohol, HER2 ni quimioterapia previa. Conclusión: La deficiencia de vitamina A se asoció con tumores sin receptores hormonales, especialmente el subtipo triple negativo.
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