Palabras clave
Apnea obstructiva del sueño
Hipertensión
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Resumen
Objetivo: Analizar la asociación entre la apnea obstructiva del sueño y la hipertensión en adultos, evaluando la magnitud de esta relación y su posible contribución como factor independiente en el control difícil de la presión arterial. Métodos: Esta es una revisión bibliográfica integradora realizada utilizando las bases de datos PubMed, Virtual Health Library (VHL) y CAPES Periodicals, utilizando los descriptores: "Apnea del sueño, obstructiva", "Hipertensión", "Fármaco", y truncando la búsqueda: (Apnea del sueño, obstructiva) Y (Hipertensión) Y (Fármaco). Se encontraron 2,857 artículos, filtrados según los criterios de inclusión (idiomas portugués, inglés y español; período de 2021 a 2026; artículos completos) y criterios de exclusión (artículos duplicados, resúmenes, fuera de alcance). Resultados: La apnea obstructiva del sueño está fuertemente asociada con el desarrollo, mantenimiento y mayor gravedad de la hipertensión, especialmente en los casos más avanzados. Sus mecanismos incluyen hipoxia intermitente, activación simpática, inflamación y disfunción endotelial, lo que contribuye a un mayor riesgo cardiovascular y resistencia al tratamiento. Además, la identificación y el manejo integral de la apnea obstructiva del sueño son fundamentales para mejorar el control de la presión arterial y reducir los resultados adversos. Conclusión: La apnea obstructiva del sueño es un determinante importante y un factor agravante de la hipertensión. Su reconocimiento y manejo son esenciales para optimizar el control de la presión arterial y reducir el riesgo cardiovascular.
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