Palabras clave
Mediadores de la inflamación
Trastorno depresivo mayor
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Resumen
Objetivo: Analizar la asociación entre los niveles de marcadores inflamatorios sistémicos y la gravedad de los síntomas en pacientes adultos diagnosticados con trastorno depresivo mayor. Métodos: Se realizó una revisión bibliográfica integradora utilizando las bases de datos PubMed, Virtual Health Library (VHL) y CAPES Periodicals, empleando los descriptores: “Depressive Disorder, Major”, “Inflammation Mediators” y “Depression”, y truncando la búsqueda a: (Depressive Disorder, Major) AND (Inflammation Mediators) AND (Depression). Se encontraron 1731 artículos, filtrados según los criterios de inclusión (idiomas portugués, inglés y español; periodo de 2021 a 2026; artículos completos) y los criterios de exclusión (artículos duplicados, resúmenes, fuera de alcance). Resultados: El trastorno depresivo mayor se asocia con un estado de inflamación sistémica de bajo grado, con citocinas proinflamatorias elevadas y desequilibrios inmunológicos. Estos procesos influyen directamente en las vías neurobiológicas, como el metabolismo del triptófano y la neurotransmisión serotoninérgica, contribuyendo a la gravedad de los síntomas. Además, la inflamación se relaciona con alteraciones estructurales y funcionales del cerebro y un mayor riesgo cardiometabólico, lo que refuerza su papel central en la fisiopatología del trastorno depresivo mayor (TDM). Conclusión: La inflamación sistémica desempeña un papel fundamental en la fisiopatología y la gravedad del trastorno depresivo mayor. Su comprensión amplía las posibilidades de estratificación del riesgo y de enfoques terapéuticos más específicos.
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