Resumen
Objetivo: Analizar la asociación entre la calidad del sueño y los síntomas de ansiedad y depresión en atletas adolescentes, así como identificar la prevalencia de estos síntomas y describir los patrones de sueño en esta población. Métodos: Se trata de una revisión integradora de la literatura, realizada mediante búsquedas en las bases de datos Biblioteca Virtual en Salud (BVS), PubMed y Scopus, sin restricción de período o idioma. Se utilizaron los descriptores Anxiety, Depression, Athletes, Sleep Quality y Adolescent. Inicialmente, se identificaron 236 estudios, de los cuales 21 cumplieron con los criterios de elegibilidad y fueron incluidos en el análisis final. Resultados: Los estudios analizados mostraron que la calidad del sueño en atletas adolescentes presenta variabilidad, siendo frecuentemente caracterizada por duración insuficiente y baja calidad, especialmente en contextos de alta carga de entrenamiento. También se observó la presencia de síntomas de ansiedad y depresión, con prevalencia influenciada por factores como sexo, modalidad deportiva y nivel competitivo. La mayoría de los estudios identificó una asociación entre peor calidad del sueño y mayores niveles de síntomas psicológicos. Consideraciones finales: Existe una asociación consistente entre la calidad del sueño y la salud mental en atletas adolescentes. Sin embargo, la naturaleza causal de esta relación aún no está completamente establecida, lo que destaca la necesidad de estudios longitudinales y mayor estandarización metodológica.
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