Resumen
Objetivo: Evaluar la composición química, actividad antimicrobiana y citotoxicidad del aceite esencial de Ocimum gratissimum, con el fin de discutir su potencial para futuras aplicaciones farmacéuticas y cosméticas. Métodos: La composición química se determinó mediante cromatografía de gases acoplada a espectrometría de masas. La actividad antimicrobiana se evaluó mediante ensayos de concentración mínima inhibitoria (CMI) y concentración mínima microbicida. La citotoxicidad se analizó mediante el ensayo MTT utilizando macrófagos murinos J774A.1. Resultados: Se identificaron 15 compuestos, correspondientes al 98,0 % de la composición total del aceite, con predominio de eugenol (47,3 %), cis-β-ocimeno (25,9 %) y germacreno D (11,5 %). El aceite presentó actividad antimicrobiana frente a todos los microorganismos evaluados, con valores de CMI que oscilaron entre 0,03 % y 1,5 %, además de actividad microbicida observada entre 0,5 % y 1,83 %. En los ensayos de citotoxicidad, el aceite mostró un efecto dependiente de la concentración, con mayor toxicidad a concentraciones elevadas y menor impacto sobre la viabilidad celular en diluciones más bajas. Conclusión: El aceite esencial presentó una composición química rica en metabolitos bioactivos, asociada con actividad antimicrobiana frente a patógenos clínicamente importantes. A pesar de la citotoxicidad observada, los resultados indican un potencial prometedor para futuras aplicaciones farmacéuticas y cosméticas, siempre que se realicen estudios complementarios de seguridad y eficacia.
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