Palabras clave
Implantación embrionaria
Fecundación in vitro
Receptividad endometrial
Probióticos
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Resumen
Objetivo: Analizar la influencia del microbioma vaginal en la regulación de la implantación embrionaria en las principales técnicas de reproducción asistida, así como discutir posibles intervenciones terapéuticas asociadas. Revisión bibliográfica: El análisis de los artículos mostró que un microbioma vaginal saludable (eubiosis), caracterizado por el predominio de especies de lactobacilos (especialmente Lactobacillus crispatus), se asocia consistentemente con mayores tasas de éxito en la FIV y una sincronización óptima de la ventana de implantación. Por otro lado, la disbiosis (predominio de microorganismos no lactobacilos) induce un estado proinflamatorio que compromete la receptividad endometrial y reduce las posibilidades de embarazo clínico. Consideraciones finales: Se considera que el microbioma vaginal es un determinante funcional y una diana terapéutica prometedora en medicina reproductiva. El ácido láctico y otros metabolitos bacterianos actúan como mediadores moleculares, modulando la expresión de genes esenciales para la implantación, como LIF, IL1B e integrinas. Estrategias como la suplementación con probióticos y el trasplante de microbiota vaginal representan enfoques futuros para restaurar la eubiosis y optimizar los resultados en la reproducción asistida.
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