Resumen
Objetivo: Analizar el potencial del resveratrol como compuesto bioactivo en el tratamiento de la diabetes mellitus y sus complicaciones, considerando sus mecanismos de acción, limitaciones de biodisponibilidad y desafíos tecnológicos para su aplicación en alimentos funcionales y productos terapéuticos. Revisión bibliográfica: El resveratrol es un polifenol de la familia de los estilbenos con propiedades antioxidantes y antiinflamatorias. En la diabetes, contribuye a la homeostasis de la glucosa al mejorar la sensibilidad a la insulina, aumentar la captación de glucosa mediante transportadores GLUT4, proteger las células β pancreáticas frente al estrés oxidativo e inhibir enzimas digestivas de carbohidratos, como la α-glucosidasa. Además del control glucémico, puede atenuar el daño en órganos, ayudando a prevenir complicaciones microvasculares y macrovasculares, como nefropatía, retinopatía, neuropatía y cardiomiopatía, especialmente mediante la modulación del eje SIRT1/AMPK. Su aplicación práctica enfrenta importantes desafíos debido a su baja biodisponibilidad oral, rápido metabolismo y alta inestabilidad del isómero trans frente a la luz y al calor. Consideraciones finales: El resveratrol presenta amplio potencial en la salud metabólica. Sin embargo, para viabilizar su aplicación práctica, es esencial desarrollar sistemas avanzados de liberación, como la micro y la nanoencapsulación, que garanticen su estabilidad en alimentos funcionales y su eficacia terapéutica.
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