Resumen
Objetivo: Realizar actualización técnica y científica sobre los convencionales polímeros utilizados en Odontología, basados en el polimetilmetacrilato, a partir de los nuevos materiales que han surgido para la fabricación de prótesis. Revisión de la literatura: El polimetilmetacrilato es un polímero transparente y rígido, frecuentemente utilizado en diversas aplicaciones, incluyendo prótesis dentales. Se produce a partir de la polimerización del monómero de metacrilato de metilo y posee varias propiedades, tales como: alta resistencia mecánica, baja densidad, buena adhesión a diferentes sustratos, resistencia al calor y la humedad, así como dureza, resistencia al desgaste, resistencia a la compresión y a la tracción, resistencia a la flexión, estabilidad dimensional, solubilidad, reacciones de decoloración, degradación y rugosidad. A pesar de sus limitaciones clínicas, el PMMA sigue siendo considerado el material de elección para la fabricación de prótesis completas, y este material se está mejorando e investigando continuamente para presentar características clínicas, de laboratorio, estéticas y biológicas satisfactorias, con longevidad y éxito durante su uso. Consideraciones finales: La resina acrílica aún puede considerarse el mejor material para la fabricación de prótesis dentales completas, debido a su alto índice de satisfacción, mayor durabilidad y éxito clínico.
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