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Personal de Salud
Prácticas Clínicas
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Resumen
Objetivo: Mapear prácticas clínicas de profesionales de salud en el manejo de niños con desnutrición aguda grave atendidos en hospitales públicos de países en desarrollo. Métodos: Revisión de alcance basada en la guía PRISMA-ScR (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Extension for Scoping Reviews). Realizadas búsquedas en las bases MEDLINE/PubMed, CINAHL/EBSCO, Scopus, Embase, LILACS PLUS, Web of Science, SciELO, Google Scholar, Science.gov y Arxiv, orientadas por la pregunta: ¿cuáles son las prácticas clínicas de profesionales de salud en el manejo de niños con desnutrición aguda grave en hospitales públicos de países en desarrollo? Sin restricciones de idioma o período de publicación, utilizando descriptores en salud. Resultados: Aunque hay mejoras después de intervenciones basadas en capacitación, supervisión clínica, reorganización de procesos y uso de instrumentos de monitoreo, persisten fallas relevantes en etapas críticas de las orientaciones recomendadas por las directrices de la Organización Mundial de la Salud, notablemente en las que exigen vigilancia clínica frecuente y registros consistentes. Consideraciones finales: La calificación del cuidado hospitalario al niño con desnutrición aguda grave depende no solo de la existencia de protocolos, sino de educación permanente de los equipos, apoyo institucional, disponibilidad de insumos y fortalecimiento del trabajo multiprofesional.
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