Resumen
Objetivo: Analizar los efectos de la pérdida intensa de peso sobre la estética facial y discutir el papel de la armonización orofacial en el manejo de las alteraciones asociadas al adelgazamiento significativo. Revisión bibliográfica: Pérdida rápida de peso provoca la deflación de los compartimentos grasos faciales, la disminución del soporte cutáneo y el deterioro de la síntesis de colágeno y elastina, generando flacidez, profundización de surcos, pérdida del contorno mandibular y apariencia envejecida. Estas alteraciones dependen de la magnitud y velocidad de la pérdida de peso, la edad y la calidad de la piel, y son frecuentes en pacientes sometidos a cirugía bariátrica o tratados con agonistas del receptor de GLP-1. La HOF dispone de estrategias terapéuticas como rellenos con ácido hialurónico, bioestimuladores de colágeno, toxina botulínica, hilos de sustentación y tecnologías basadas en energía. Selección del tratamiento debe individualizarse según la anatomía facial, el grado de deflación y las expectativas del paciente. Consideraciones finales: HOF es una alternativa relevante para restaurar el volumen facial, mejorar la firmeza cutánea y recuperar la armonía facial tras una pérdida intensa de peso. El éxito depende de una planificación personalizada, conocimiento anatómico y abordaje multidisciplinario. Se necesitan estudios prospectivos para establecer protocolos específicos.
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