Resumen
Objetivo: Descelularizar y caracterizar, histológica y bioquímicamente, la matriz extracelular (MEC) de la pulpa de molares porcinos formados (M1) y en formación (M2), comparando tejidos nativos y descelularizados. Métodos: Estudio experimental in vitro con pulpas coronarias de molares porcinos de matadero comercial, divididas en M1 (erupcionados, con raíz formada) y M2 (intraóseos, en formación). Se aplicó un protocolo libre de enzimas y de Triton X-100, a base de EDTA y SDS. Se realizaron cuantificación de ADN y de colágeno, histología (H&E, Tricrómico de Masson y DAPI) y microscopía electrónica de barrido, con ANOVA de una vía y post-hoc de Tukey (p<0,05). Resultados: La descelularización eliminó el contenido celular de ambas pulpas, con ausencia de núcleos y reducción del ADN del 92,7% en M1 y del 96,8% en M2 (p<0,0001), sin diferencia residual entre los grupos (p=0,60). Las pulpas M2, recolectadas solo del maxilar, rindieron mayor masa por diente (1,173 g frente a 0,377 g) y mantuvieron el colágeno estable. Se observó un andamio poroso en ambos grupos, con incrustaciones mineralizadas exclusivas de M2 descelularizado. Conclusión: El protocolo conservador descelularizó eficazmente ambas pulpas. Los dientes en etapas distintas de desarrollo proporcionan MEC con características propias, relevantes para la selección del andamio en endodoncia regenerativa.
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