Keywords
Viruses
Cardiology
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Abstract
Objective: To analyze the characteristics of viral myocarditis. Bibliographic review: Viral myocarditis is a severe immune-mediated clinical condition that is characterized by excessive inflammatory lesions of the myocardium due to a viral infection, with an incidence ranging from 10 to 22 per 100,000 people. Viral infections such as enterovirus and adenovirus, parvovirus B19 and coronavirus are common causes of myocarditis, which can cause a combination of direct cell injury and cytotoxic cell response. Clinically, myocarditis presents variably, from mild chest pain or dyspnea to severe heart failure and cardiogenic shock. Final considerations: Viral myocarditisconsists of inflammation in the myocardiummediatedbyimmunity and by viral lesions caused to the heart muscle. This condition usually presents similarly to heart failure, and may present with symptoms of dyspnea, orthopnea and chest pain. The gold standard non-invasive test for diagnosisis cardiac magnetic resonance imaging, while endomyocardial biopsy, despite being the gold standard, is not widely performed because it is invasive. Treatment is similar to that of heart failure and patients should also have supportive therapy.
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