Congenital cytomegalovirus infection: impact on neonatal health

Abstract

Objective: Conduct a comprehensive literature review on the main aspects of congenital cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection. Bibliographic Review: Congenital CMV infection, transmitted vertically during pregnancy, poses a global public health challenge. We highlight its high prevalence, impact on hearing loss, and neurological development. We explore global epidemiology, etiology belonging to the herpesvirus family, pathophysiology with emphasis on intrauterine transmission, clinical picture covering symptomatic and asymptomatic manifestations, factors associated with severity, diagnosis, and neonatal screening strategies. We also address treatment with valganciclovir and future perspectives, including challenges in neonatal screening and research areas necessary to enhance infection management. Final considerations: The importance of awareness, preconception education, and ongoing research to develop effective neonatal screening protocols is emphasized. Investigating therapeutic options and preventive strategies is crucial. The comprehensive knowledge highlighted aims to optimize the diagnosis, management, and prevention of congenital CMV infection, contributing to global public health.