Keywords
COVID-19
COVID-19 drug treatment
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Abstract
Objective: To analyze the relationship between pharmacogenetics and pharmacogenomics with Covid-19. Methods: This systematic review followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, using the PubMed and SciELO databases. Case, observational and bench studies in English and Portuguese were included, from December 2019 to December 2022. Results: Population genetic differences influence the effects of drugs on Covid-19. Studies highlight the importance of considering metabolic disorders, such as diabetes and dyslipidemia, as risk factors. The pharmacogenetic interaction between medications for these disorders and treatments for Covid-19 must be evaluated. Genetic polymorphisms, such as GNB3 c.825C>T, present conflicting results, indicating the complexity of genetic interactions. Other studies analyze genes such as ACE2, CYP2C19 and variants in IFITM3, revealing associations and challenges in interpreting results. Final considerations: This review highlights that population genetic distinctions influence the severity of Covid-19 and the response to pharmacological treatments. Polymorphisms in specific genes show varying results, indicating the need for more comprehensive studies. The use of medicines still lack evidence for the management of Covid-19 as it may present risks to patients, highlighting the importance of pharmacogenetics and pharmacogenomics in personalizing treatments.
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