Keywords
SARS-CoV-2
Epidemiology
Public health
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Abstract
Objective: To analyze the distribution of pneumonia mortality rates among hospitalized elderly patients in the metropolitan region of Belém from 2018 to 2023, considering the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: This is a descriptive and analytical retrospective epidemiological study using data from the Department of Informatics of the Unified Health System (DATASUS). The analysis considered distribution by sex, age group from 60 years old, length of hospitalization, year of occurrence, and municipalities in the metropolitan region of Belém. Results: Pneumonia mortality increased with age, reaching 25.5% in elderly patients aged ≥80 years. Men had a mortality rate of 20.88%, higher than that of women (19.53%). During the pandemic, there were peaks in mortality in 2020 (23.44%) and 2021 (21.92%), with a reduction starting in 2022 following the vaccination period. Conclusion: Pneumonia mortality among hospitalized elderly patients was high, especially in individuals aged ≥80 years and during the COVID-19 pandemic. After the initiation of vaccination, there was a trend of increased hospitalizations and decreased mortality rates, suggesting a likely effect of vaccination on the severity of cases and consequently on pneumonia-associated mortality.
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