Keywords
Vapes
Biomarkers
Bladder cancer
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Abstract
Objective: To investigate the relationship between vape use and the risk of bladder cancer, comparing it to traditional smoking and exploring underlying biological mechanisms. Methods: An integrative review was conducted using the PubMed Central (PMC) database, with search terms including "vaping," "vapers," "e-cigarettes," "carcinogens," "bladder cancer," and "carcinogenesis." Eighteen articles were selected for analysis. Results: Although vaping is often promoted as a less harmful alternative to traditional cigarettes, it is not risk-free. Elevated levels of urinary biomarkers associated with carcinogenesis were found in both vape and traditional cigarette users. Toxic substances from tobacco facilitate mutations and disrupt DNA repair, contributing to bladder cancer development. Final considerations: The need for educational campaigns to reduce carcinogenic substance use and public policies emphasizing the risks of vaping is highlighted. Studies on the impacts of vaping are still in their early stages, making longitudinal research essential to better understand the relationship between e-cigarette use and bladder cancer.
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