Keywords
Proton Pump Inhibitors (PPIs)
ICU prophylaxis
Gastrointestinal bleeding
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Abstract
Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of proton pump inhibitor (PPI) prophylaxis for stress ulcers in patients admitted to intensive care units (ICUs) and to investigate the complications associated with their use. Methods: An integrative review was conducted following the PVO strategy, analyzing articles published between 2014 and 2024 that addressed the efficacy of PPIs in critically ill patients. The search was performed in the PubMed database, resulting in the selection of 19 relevant articles. Results: The findings indicate that, although PPIs reduce the occurrence of gastrointestinal bleeding in high-risk patients, they do not demonstrate a significant impact on mortality. Furthermore, prolonged use of PPIs is associated with complications, including hospital-acquired infections and an increased risk of mortality. The literature reveals controversy about the need for universal prophylaxis with PPIs and suggests the importance of individualized risk-based treatment strategies. Final consideration: The indiscriminate use of PPIs for prophylaxis in ICUs should be reconsidered, taking into account the potential risks and complications involved. Future studies are needed to establish more targeted guidelines for the use of these drugs in critical populations.
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