Updates on screening, diagnosis, and management of autism dpectrum disorder

Abstract

Objective: To present the main updates on screening, diagnosis and management of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Literature review: Despite recent advances, early diagnosis of ASD still faces significant challenges, especially in children under 3 years of age. In this age group, developmental delays often become evident only in social contexts outside the family environment. Recent studies highlight the role of new tools, such as blood and imaging biomarkers, neuroimaging, electroencephalography and eye tracking, in improving diagnostic methods. Evidence points to differences in MRI scans, protein and amino acid levels in blood and urine, as well as eye tracking patterns, when comparing individuals with ASD and typically developing people. Final considerations: The heterogeneity of ASD remains an obstacle to the establishment of a universal screening and diagnosis method. However, adequate screening allows for early diagnosis, favoring effective management that contributes to the development and quality of life of patients.