An analysis of the main postoperative complications of cardiac surgeries using extracorporeal circulation

Abstract

Objective: To carry out an analysis and review of the main postoperative complications of cardiac surgeries using cardiopulmonary bypass (ECC), clearly and concisely addressing the fundamental pathophysiological mechanisms involved and the influence of these injuries directly on clinical outcomes and patient recovery. Literature review: ECC became a revolutionary surgical technique as it made it possible to maintain organic perfusion independent of the heartbeat. However, it is an unphysiological method and responsible for many complications in the postoperative period of cardiothoracic procedures. The main problems linked to the use of ECC in surgeries were divided into eight groups: systemic inflammatory response syndrome, hemostatic changes, arterial hypotension and changes in tissue perfusion, cardiac, pulmonary, renal, gastrointestinal and neurological complications. Final considerations: Therefore, even though ECC is a very important technique for the technological advancement of cardiothoracic surgeries, its application is related to several complications that affect various organs and systems, prolonging patient recovery. Finally, it is worth highlighting that the appropriate management of risk factors and reducing the time of ECC are strategies to minimize such problems.