Keywords
Cognitive dysfunction
Older adults
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Abstract
Objective: To evaluate the effects of omega-3 fatty acid supplementation in preventing cognitive decline in older adults, focusing on preserving brain function during aging. Methods: This is an integrative literature review conducted according to the PICO strategy. Searches were conducted in PubMed Central, Periódico CAPES, and the Virtual Health Library databases, using the descriptors "Omega-3 Fatty Acids," "Cognitive Dysfunction," and "Older Adults." Articles published between 2020 and 2025, in English, and available in full text were included. After applying the eligibility criteria, 19 studies were selected for analysis. Results: Omega-3 supplementation can reduce the progression of mild cognitive impairment and improve memory, attention, and executive functions. The benefits are more evident in older adults with low serum n-3 PUFA levels, metabolic alterations, or genetic predisposition. Efficacy also depends on the dose, duration of use, and the aging phase at which the intervention begins. Final considerations: Omega-3 supplementation shows promise in preventing cognitive decline in older adults, with neuroprotective effects associated with its anti-inflammatory and structural action on neurons. However, more robust and standardized studies are still needed to confirm its efficacy and guide its clinical use.
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