Keywords
Immunotherapy
Cancer
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Abstract
Objective: To map the available evidence on the relationship between periodontal disease and response to immunotherapy in cancer patients. Bibliographic review: Periodontal inflammation can modulate the immune response and interfere with the efficacy of immunotherapy, both by increasing systemic inflammation and by altering the oral microbiome. Periodontal pathogens, such as Porphyromonas gingivalis and Fusobacterium nucleatum, have been implicated in the modulation of oncogenic and immunological pathways, contributing to tumor progression and the occurrence of adverse effects during treatment. Recent studies reinforce the existence of a bidirectional interaction between periodontal health and oncological therapeutic responses, suggesting that controlling oral inflammation can positively impact the clinical outcomes of patients undergoing immunotherapy. Final considerations: Periodontal health may play a relevant role in the oncological management of patients undergoing immunotherapy. Despite initial evidence, there is still no consensus on specific protocols, and prospective, multicenter clinical studies are needed to validate this association and guide integrated preventive and therapeutic strategies.
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