Social representations and meanings attributed to physical exercise in schizophrenia: conceptual bases for future research

Abstract

Objective: To analyze the scientific literature on the relationship between physical activity (PA) and schizophrenia, with emphasis on the psychosocial and representational aspects that influence meanings, beliefs, and attitudes, providing conceptual support for future research. Methods: A integrative literature review was conducted between November 2024 and February 2025 in the PubMed/MEDLINE, PsycINFO, Scopus, Web of Science, SciELO, and LILACS databases. Descriptors in Portuguese, English, and Spanish were used, combining the terms ("Schizophrenia" OR "Psychotic Disorders") AND ("Physical Exercise" OR "Physical Activity" OR "Exercise") AND ("Perception" OR "Beliefs" OR "Attitudes" OR "Representations" OR "Social Representations" OR "Meaning" OR "Stigma" OR "Symbolism"). Articles were included and analyzed through thematic interpretation and critical synthesis, organized into three lines of investigation. Results: 14 studies were allocated into three main thematic axes: (1) “Perceptions and meanings attributed to the practice of PA by people with schizophrenia” (n=6); (2) “Perceived barriers and facilitators for adherence to and maintenance of these practices” (n=5); and (3) “Psychosocial and symbolic impacts associated with engagement in PA programs” (n=3). Final considerations: The relationship between PA and schizophrenia transcends the boundaries of clinical treatment, constituting a field of meanings in which body, health, identity, and social context intertwine.