Keywords
Metabolism
Thyroid hormones
Endocrine disorders
Biomolecular mechanisms
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Abstract
Objective: To analyze thyroid dysfunctions and understand alterations that affect the synthesis and action of T3 and T4 hormones, compromising energy, protein, and lipid metabolism. Literature review: The thyroid gland, regulated by the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis, plays an essential role in homeostasis, and disorders such as hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism result from complex hormonal and biomolecular mechanisms, frequently associated with autoimmune, genetic, or environmental causes. These conditions produce varied clinical manifestations and require precise diagnosis, based on laboratory tests and integrated clinical evaluation. Final considerations: In this context, the biomedical professional plays an important role in the interpretation of hormonal markers and in monitoring metabolic alterations.Therefore, a deeper understanding of the pathophysiological mechanisms of thyroid dysfunction is considered essential for accurate diagnosis and the definition of effective therapeutic strategies, reinforcing the importance of approaches that consider the metabolic and systemic impacts resulting from these alterations, contributing to scientific advances, disease prevention, and health improvements.
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