Abstract
Objective: To establish the clinical, epidemiological, and medication profile of patients with bronchiolitis treated at a university hospital, considering the relationship between age and sex, as well as the frequency of hospitalizations. Methods: Qualitative and documentary research, carried out with hospital data between March 2021 and March 2023, using electronic medical records as the primary source of information. Results: The study indicates that RSV is the main causative agent and that cases are concentrated in infants, requiring more effective preventive measures and public policies aimed at controlling bronchiolitis, especially in seasonal periods. Conclusion: The results indicate that RSV is the main causative agent of the disease, with a higher prevalence in infants, and reinforce the need for more effective preventive measures and public policies aimed at controlling bronchiolitis. It is concluded that bronchiolitis represents a significant challenge for children's health and requires integrated and continuous preventive strategies in the healthcare system.
References
ALMEIDA KC, et al. Bronquiolite: revisão de literatura. Revista Brasileira de Ciências da Saúde, 2018; 22(1): 77-84.
ALMEIDA HS. Systematic review of the efficacy of corticosteroids in the treatment of acute bronchiolitis. Journal of Pediatrics, 2013; 163(3): 940-949.
AMERICAN ACADEMY OF PEDIATRICS. Clinical Practice Guideline: The Diagnosis, Management, and Prevention of Bronchiolitis. Pediatrics, 2014; 134(5): e1474-e1502.
AZZARI C, et al. Epidemiology and prevention of respiratory syncytial virus infections in children in Italy. Italian Journal of Pediatrics, 2021; 47: 1-12.
BACHUR RG e ROBERTS JM. Management of bronchiolitis in infants and children. New England Journal of Medicine, 2020; 382(1): 56-64.
BALDASSARRE ME, et al. Hospitalization for bronchiolitis in children aged ≤1 year, Southern Italy, year 2021: need for new preventive strategies?. Italian Journal of Pediatrics, 2023; 49(1): 66.
BORGES LCC. Bronquiolite Viral Aguda. Observatório da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, 2018. Disponível em: https://observatorio.fm.usp.br/handle/OPI/48202 . Acessado em: 2 de abril de 2023.
BOZZOLA E, et al. Respiratory syncytial virus bronchiolitis in infancy: the acute hospitalization cost. Frontiers in pediatrics, 2021; 8: 594898.
CAI Z, et al. Efficacy of salbutamol in the treatment of infants with bronchiolitis. Medicine, 2020; 99(4).
CHAVASSE RJ, et al. Anti-histamines for prolonged non-specific cough in children. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 2002; 3: CD001267.
FERNANDES RM, et al. Systematic review of the efficacy of corticosteroids in the treatment of acute bronchiolitis. Journal of Pediatrics, 2013; 940–949.
FERREIRA NA, et al. Hospitalização infantil: impacto emocional indexado a figura dos pais. Revista Interfaces: Saúde, Humanas e Tecnologia, 2020; 8(1): 402-408.
FIOCRUZ. Bronquiolite na Infância: Diagnóstico e Tratamento. Portal de Boas Práticas, Eixo: Atenção à Criança, 07 de junho de 2022. Disponível em: https://portaldeboaspraticas.iff.fiocruz.br/atencao-crianca/bronquiolite-na-infancia-diagnostico-e-tratamento/. Acessado em: 31 de janeiro de 2026.
FLORIN TA, et al. Bronchiolitis: Current evidence-based management and guidelines. Pediatrics, 2017; 140(6): e20170756.
JUSTICE NA e LE JK. Bronchiolitis. In: StatPearls. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing, 2023.
PEREIRA CP, et al. Bronquiolite viral: uma revisão narrativa. Brazilian Journal of Implantology and Health Sciences, 2024; 6(6): 1571-1586.
PEREIRA EQ, et al. Temporal-spatial analysis of hospitalizations for bronchiolitis in Brazil: prediction of epidemic regions and periods for immunization against the Respiratory Syncytial Virus. Revista Paulista de Pediatria, 2023; 41: e2021304.
RALSTON SL. Clinical practice guideline: The diagnosis, management, and prevention of bronchiolitis. Pediatrics, 2014; 134(5): e1474-e1502.
ROTH DE, et al. The Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal. Pediatrics, 2018; 37(8): e20181071.
SABEENA S, et al. The Impact of Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic on Bronchiolitis (Lower Respiratory Tract Infection) Due to Respiratory Syncytial Virus: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Indian Journal of Public Health, 2023; 67(2): 284.
SHAY e DAVID K, et al. Bronchiolitis-associated hospitalizations among US children, 1980-1996. JAMA, 1999; 282(15): 1440-1446.
SOCIEDADE BRASILEIRA DE PEDIATRIA. Diretrizes para o manejo da bronquiolite viral aguda. Sociedade Brasileira de Pediatria, 2017. Disponível em: https://www.sbp.com.br/pediatria-para-familias/doencas/bronquiolite-aguda/. Acessado em: 27 de maio de 2024.
ZHANG L, et al. Nebulised hypertonic saline solution for acute bronchiolitis in infants. Cochrane database of systematic reviews, 2023; 4.
