Keywords
Prevalence
Enamel defects
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Abstract
Objective: Molar-incisor hypomineralization (MIH) is a qualitative enamel defect of unclear etiology affecting one or more permanent molars and sometimes incisors. It poses a clinical challenge, and its true prevalence remains uncertain due to the recent expansion of research. This study aimed to estimate MIH prevalence and associated characteristics through an integrative review. Methods: A literature search was conducted in PubMed, SciELO, and LILACS up to January 2024, including 27,781 participants. Results: Five studies did not report sex-stratified prevalence. Only two addressed hypomineralized second primary molars (HSPM). Most studies used European Academy of Paediatric Dentistry (EAPD) criteria, while others applied the modified Developmental Defects of Enamel (mDDE) index. Prevalence varied by sample size, sex distribution, geographic location, and publication year. Final considerations: MIH shows high global prevalence, with higher rates in countries with limited dental care access. These factors should be considered in treatment planning.
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