Keywords
Low birth weight newborn
Maternal and child health
Ecological studies
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Abstract
Objective: To analyze the occurrence, regional distribution, and temporal evolution of early neonatal deaths in newborns with low birth weight in the state of Maranhão. Methods: Ecological study based on secondary data available in DATASUS. Early neonatal deaths of NBs weighing less than 2,500 g occurring between 2015 and 2024 were included. The early neonatal mortality rate related to low birth weight (ENMR-LBW) was calculated, as well as the percentage variation of the indicators. Results: The state average ENMR-LBW during the period was 4.68±1.32, and the percentage of early neonatal deaths related to LBW decreased from 11.0% in 2015 to 8.8% in 2024, corresponding to -20.0%. There was an increase in NBs with extremely low birth weight (ELBW), from 4.6% to 5.1% (+28.3%), while very low birth weight (VLBW) and LBW showed reductions of -33.3% and -45.0%, respectively. Deaths predominated among premature, male (54.8%), mixed-race (68.1%), and hospital-born NBs (96.3%). Among mothers, ages 20–29 years (45.1%), schooling of 8–11 years (54.4%), and gestation of 22–27 weeks (35.8%) were most frequent. Perinatal conditions accounted for 84.0% of causes. Conclusion: Early neonatal deaths among low birth weight newborns persisted in Maranhão, especially among preterm and extremely low birth weight newborns, reinforcing the need to strengthen maternal, perinatal and neonatal care.
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