Abstract
Objective: To review and analyze the possible causes that lead to non-adherence to immunization in Brazil. Bibliographic review: Vaccination is recognized as an intervention practice that prevents diseases with great potential to cause mass morbidity and mortality. However, behavioral attitudes, such as the promotion of anti-vaccine ideas and lack of awareness among the younger population about the severity of vaccine-preventable diseases, are some of the factors that currently contribute to the fall in immunization rates and the return of diseases that had been eradicated. Final considerations: This construct is of fundamental importance because it will provide a theoretical and methodological basis for the academic and scientific community about the possible motivations for population refusal regarding adherence to immunization and the analysis of vaccination coverage in Brazil. In addition, through the analysis of the factors that lead the population not to be vaccinated, it will enable the construction of debates that support the planning of strategies to boost adherence to immunization.