Abstract
Objective: To identify in the literature risk factors related to Pneumonia Associated with Mechanical Ventilation (VAP) in adult patients. Methods: Literature review that searched the Latin American and Caribbean Health Sciences, U.S. National Library of Medicine and Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature databases. The inclusion criteria were articles published between the years 2005 to 2019, in Portuguese, English and Spanish, which addressed the risks for VAP in critically ill adult patients. Articles that addressed drug therapies, microorganisms, updates on the topic, consensus of opinions and bundles on VAP were excluded. Results: The main risk factors associated with the development of VAP are previous respiratory diseases, trauma, age, previous and inappropriate use of antibiotics, exposure to a mechanical ventilator, prolonged use of MV, lack of oral hygiene for the patient, poor hygiene the hands of the professional and the incorrect positioning on the bed. Final considerations: The multiprofessional team has a considerable responsibility in the control and prevention of VAP, thus, it is necessary that all professionals know the associated risk factors and provide assistance seeking to prevent the development of this problem.