Resumo
Objetivo: Investigar os aspectos imaginológicos das alterações dentárias em sobreviventes do câncer infantojuvenil, considerando os efeitos tardios da quimioterapia e radioterapia no desenvolvimento da coroa e raízes. Revisão bibliográfica: Os estudos analisados evidenciam que pacientes submetidos à terapia antineoplásica durante a infância podem apresentar agenesia dentária, microdontia malformações radiculares, hipoplasia de esmalte. A severidade das alterações está diretamente relacionada à idade de início do tratamento, tipo e intensidade da terapia e dose de radiação aplicada. A exposição durante fases críticas do desenvolvimento dentário pode ainda prejudicar a formação da lâmina dentária, levando a falhas na iniciação do desenvolvimento. Radiografias panorâmicas são apontadas como recurso fundamental para a detecção precoce e para o acompanhamento longitudinal das alterações, possibilitando melhor planejamento terapêutico e intervenção em tempo oportuno. Considerações finais: Sobreviventes do câncer infantojuvenil apresentam risco significativo de anomalias dentárias, exigindo acompanhamento clínico-radiográfico contínuo. Apesar do avanço das terapias oncológicas, a padronização de protocolos de monitoramento odontológico ainda é uma lacuna que deve ser abordada em futuras pesquisas.
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