Resumo
Objetivo: Avaliar o conhecimento dietético de pacientes com diabetes mellitus tipo 2 (DM2) e discutir os mecanismos práticos e clínicos da alfabetização nutricional no controle da doença. Métodos: Estudo transversal realizado com 159 pacientes atendidos em um hospital de um município no interior do estado do Rio de Janeiro. Aplicou-se um questionário estruturado, baseado na versão adaptada do General Nutrition Knowledge Questionnaire (GNKQ). Foram coletados dados sociodemográficos, antropométricos e informações sobre conhecimento alimentar e sua relação com a saúde. Resultados: A média de idade foi de 59,7 anos. A prevalência de obesidade foi de 34% e de sobrepeso, 32%, com apenas 31% dos participantes apresentando peso adequado. Identificou-se amplo desconhecimento sobre recomendações nutricionais básicas: 62% desconheciam a frequência ideal de consumo de peixes, e apenas 20% sabiam da necessidade de evitar gordura trans. Observou-se confusão conceitual entre nutrientes e doenças, especialmente no que se refere à prevenção do diabetes e de enfermidades cardiovasculares. Conclusão: Os dados apontam um déficit crítico de conhecimento nutricional entre pacientes com DM2, evidenciando altos índices de analfabetismo nutricional. Esse cenário impõe barreiras significativas ao autocuidado e reforça a necessidade de intervenções educativas segmentadas, contínuas e fundamentadas em evidências
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