Resumo
Objetivo: Avaliar a associação entre deficiência de vitamina B12 e transtornos psíquicos em pacientes submetidos à cirurgia bariátrica, considerando implicações clínicas e de saúde pública. Métodos: Revisão integrativa realizada entre 2013 e 2023, com buscas sistemáticas nas bases MEDLINE/PubMed e LILACS. Foram utilizados descritores controlados do DeCS/MeSH combinados por operadores booleanos. O protocolo PRISMA orientou a seleção, conduzida por dois revisores independentes. Critérios de inclusão: artigos originais, texto completo, em inglês, português ou espanhol. Critérios de exclusão: duplicados, revisões narrativas e estudos sem desfechos psíquicos. Resultados: Identificaram-se 79 artigos, dos quais 19 foram incluídos. Observou-se prevalência de 20% a 50% de deficiência de vitamina B12, mais frequente no bypass gástrico em Y de Roux. Mulheres entre 30–50 anos apresentaram maior vulnerabilidade. As manifestações mais descritas foram depressão, ansiedade, déficit cognitivo, irritabilidade e, em casos graves, psicose e demência reversível. Considerações finais: A deficiência de vitamina B12 está fortemente associada a alterações psíquicas em pacientes pós-bariátricos. O monitoramento clínico-laboratorial contínuo e a suplementação precoce e individualizada são fundamentais para prevenir complicações neuropsiquiátricas e melhorar a qualidade de vida.
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