Resumo
Objetivo: Analisar as evidências científicas sobre os efeitos de fatores físicos na degradação de próteses maxilofaciais confeccionadas em silicone. Métodos: Trata-se de uma pesquisa descritiva, conduzida por meio de uma revisão integrativa da literatura. A busca foi realizada na base de dados PubMed, utilizando os descritores “Silicone”, “Maxillofacial Prosthesis” e “Color Stability”, combinados pelo operador booleano “AND”. Foram incluídos artigos publicados entre 2018 e setembro de 2025, no idioma inglês, do tipo in vitro e in situ, que abordaram a influência de agentes físicos na estabilidade do material. Após a triagem, seis estudos compuseram a amostra final. Resultados: O silicone apresenta baixa resistência a diversos fatores ambientais que provocam alterações ópticas e estruturais. A literatura indica que os ácidos graxos do sebo reagem com a matriz do silicone, rompendo suas cadeias poliméricas e acelerando a degradação. Em contrapartida, a adição de nanopartículas de zircônia mostrou-se benéfica na atenuação dessas alterações, proporcionando maior estabilidade de cor. Considerações finais: A degradação do silicone é um processo multifatorial, sendo necessária a busca por novas composições e métodos de proteção que aumentem sua durabilidade e desempenho clínico. O aprimoramento desses materiais contribui diretamente para a qualidade estética e funcional das reabilitações faciais.
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