Resumo
Objetivo: Comparar a eficácia terapêutica e o perfil de segurança entre intervenções percutâneas e cirúrgicas no manejo das cardiopatias congênitas em pacientes pediátricos. Métodos: Trata-se de uma revisão bibliográfica sistemática conduzida conforme o protocolo PRISMA e registrada no PROSPERO sob o número de registro: CRD420261282088. As buscas foram realizadas nas bases de dados PubMed, LILACS e CAPES, considerando o período de 2016 a 2026. Foram incluídos 11 estudos que compararam desfechos clínicos, complicações, tempo de internação e tempo de reinternação. Resultados: A via percutânea demonstrou superioridade na redução do tempo de internação e complicações infecciosas para Comunicação Interatrial e Persistência do Canal Arterial. Contudo, em fístulas coronárias congênitas, a cirurgia convencional apresentou maior segurança e menor risco de isquemia miocárdica quando comparada ao cateterismo. Considerações finais: A terapia transcateter deve ser priorizada em defeitos septais e ductais simples devido à rápida recuperação. Todavia, a cirurgia mantém-se como primeira opção em anatomias complexas e lactentes de baixo peso, exigindo indicação individualizada para evitar reintervenções.
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