Resumo
Objetivo: Analisar a relação entre os distúrbios do sono e o risco cardiovascular, com ênfase nas implicações fisiopatológicas do IAM. Métodos: Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa da literatura, baseada em artigos publicados nos últimos dez anos nas bases PubMed, SciELO e BVS, utilizando descritores controlados dos Descritores em Ciências da Saúde (DeCS). Resultados: Identificaram-se os principais mecanismos pelos quais alterações do sono, como apneia obstrutiva e insônia, influenciam processos ateroscleróticos, inflamatórios e autonômicos que contribuem para eventos isquêmicos. A relevância do estudo reside na necessidade de reconhecer os distúrbios do sono como fatores clínicos modificáveis, contribuindo para estratégias preventivas e para a melhoria da saúde cardiovascular. Considerações finais: Os distúrbios do sono estão associados ao aumento do risco de infarto agudo do miocárdio, por mecanismos como ativação simpática, inflamação sistêmica, hipóxia intermitente e disfunção endotelial, com destaque para a apneia obstrutiva do sono como principal fator de pior prognóstico. Assim, a avaliação da qualidade do sono é essencial na prática clínica para a estratificação do risco cardiovascular, embora limitações metodológicas dos estudos possam influenciar os achados.
Referências
ARORA N, et al. Investigating the causal interplay between sleep traits and risk of acute myocardial infarction: a Mendelian randomization study. BMC Medicine, 2023; 21(1): 385.
BARGER LK, et al. Short sleep duration, obstructive sleep apnea, shiftwork, and the risk of adverse cardiovascular events in patients after an acute coronary syndrome. Journal of the American Heart Association, 2017; 6(10): e006959.
DAGHLAS I, et al. Sleep duration and risk of myocardial infarction: a prospective cohort study. Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 2019; 73(4): 456-466.
FAN J, et al. Association of obstructive sleep apnea with cardiovascular outcomes in patients with acute coronary syndrome. Journal of the American Heart Association, 2019; 8(2): e010826.
FAN M, et al. Association of sleep duration and quality with cardiovascular outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Sleep Medicine Reviews, 2023; 68: 101703.
FISSER C, et al. Obstructive sleep apnoea but not central sleep apnoea is associated with left ventricular remodelling after acute myocardial infarction. Clinical Research in Cardiology, 2021; 110(7): 971-982.
FLORES L, et al. Effects of sleep quality on cardiovascular regulation and endothelial function. Frontiers in Physiology, 2024; 15: 112345.
GUYTON AC, HALL JE. Tratado de fisiologia médica. 15. ed. Elsevier: Rio de Janeiro-RJ, 2021; p. 721.
KALMBACH DA, et al. DSM-5 insomnia and short sleep: comorbidity landscape and racial disparities. Sleep, 2016; 39(12): 2101-2111.
KANEKO H, et al. Restfulness from sleep and subsequent cardiovascular disease in the general population. Scientific Reports, 2020; 10(1): 19674.
KONTE HC, et al. Sleep quality as a predictor of coronary artery disease severity in geriatric acute coronary syndrome. Medicina (Kaunas), 2026; 62(1): 101.
LIAN X, et al. Effects of sleep habits on acute myocardial infarction risk and severity of coronary artery disease in Chinese population. BMC Cardiovascular Disorders, 2021; 21(1): 481.
LIU L, et al. Association of homocysteine and risks of long-term cardiovascular events and all-cause death among older patients with obstructive sleep apnea: a prospective study. Journal of Nutrition Health and Aging, 2022; 26(9): 879-888.
LI X, et al. Global prevalence and burden of sleep disorders: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019. The Lancet Neurology, 2023; 22(1): 40-54.
MAZZOTTI DR, et al. Positive airway pressure, mortality, and cardiovascular risk in older adults with sleep apnea. JAMA Network Open, 2024; 7(9): e2432468.
MCEVOY RD, et al. CPAP for prevention of cardiovascular events in obstructive sleep apnea. New England Journal of Medicine, 2016; 375(10): 919-931.
NAIRZ F, et al. Association of sleep disturbances within 4 weeks prior to incident acute myocardial infarction and long-term survival in male and female patients. BMC Cardiovascular Disorders, 2018; 18(1): 235.
REIS CM, et al. Aspectos fisiológicos do sono e sua relação com a homeostase cardiovascular. Revista Brasileira de Ciências da Saúde, 2024; 28(1): 54-67.
REZENDE LDA, et al. Distúrbios do sono e infarto agudo do miocárdio: overview of systematic reviews. Revista da Sociedade Brasileira de Clínica Médica, 2024; 16(4): 184-193.
SORAJJA P, et al. Cardiovascular implications of sleep disorders: from mechanisms to clinical outcomes. Circulation Research, 2021; 129(2): 221-235.
THOSAR SS, et al. Endogenous circadian system attenuates nighttime vascular endothelial function in people with untreated obstructive sleep apnea. Journal of the American Heart Association, 2025; 14(22): e043596.
THURSTON RC, et al. Trajectories of sleep over midlife and incident cardiovascular disease events in the study of women's health across the nation. Circulation, 2024; 149(7): 545-555.
TITOVA OE, et al. Self-reported symptoms of sleep-disordered breathing and risk of cardiovascular diseases: observational and Mendelian randomization findings. Journal of Sleep Research, 2022; 31(6): e13681.
VACCARIÑO V, et al. Obstructive sleep apnea, myocardial perfusion and myocardial blood flow: a study of older male twins. PLoS One, 2022; 17(11): e0278420.
WANG G, et al. Association of obstructive sleep apnoea with long-term cardiovascular events in patients with acute coronary syndrome with or without hypertension: insight from the OSA-ACS project. BMJ Open Respiratory Research, 2023; 10(1): e001662.
WANG X, et al. Association of obstructive sleep apnoea with cardiovascular events in women and men with acute coronary syndrome. European Respiratory Journal, 2023; 61(1): 2201110.
WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION. Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) – Key facts. Geneva: World Health Organization, 2023. Disponível em: https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/cardiovascular-diseases-(cvds). Acesso em: 28 out. 2025.
YOU S, et al. Healthy lifestyle factors and recurrent cardiovascular events in patients with OSA: the SAVE study. BMC Medicine, 2025; 23(1): 442.
ZENG Y, et al. Prognostic impact of residual SYNTAX score in patients with obstructive sleep apnea and acute coronary syndrome: a prospective cohort study. Respiratory Research, 2019; 20(1): 43.
