Resumo
Objetivo: Analisar os fatores associados às respostas individuais decorrentes das interações gene-dieta e compreender o papel da nutrição de precisão no desenvolvimento de estratégias nutricionais personalizadas. Revisão bibliográfica: A Síndrome metabólica corresponde a um conjunto de fatores de risco que aumentam a suscetibilidade a diversas alterações no metabolismo celular, sendo o Diabetes Mellitus tipo 2 um dos principais distúrbios metabólicos associados a essa condição. Diante da complexidade dessa síndrome, a Nutrição de precisão, também denominada nutrição preditiva, surge como uma abordagem promissora para a prevenção e o manejo dessas doenças metabólicas. Essa estratégia baseia-se na elaboração de recomendações nutricionais individualizadas, fundamentadas em características biológicas e ambientais específicas, integrando informações genômicas, padrões alimentares e níveis de atividade física. Evidências científicas indicam que variantes genéticas em genes como FTO, MTHFR, APOE, LEP, LEPR, TCF7L2, GST, ACE e PPARγ estão associadas ao desenvolvimento da síndrome metabólica. A interação entre essas variantes genéticas e fatores ambientais, especialmente dietas hipercalóricas ricas em lipídios e sódio, contribui significativamente para o aumento do risco de desenvolvimento dessa síndrome. Considerações finais: A nutrição de precisão, ao integrar informações genéticas, metabólicas e ambientais, apresenta potencial para aprimorar estratégias de prevenção e tratamento do Diabetes Mellitus tipo 2 e da Síndrome metabólica, permitindo intervenções nutricionais mais eficazes e personalizadas.
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