Resumo
Objetivo: Sintetizar informações sobre a importância biológica da metaloproteinase da matriz-9 (MMP-9) na doença periodontal, discutindo sua participação na fisiopatologia da periodontite, seu potencial como biomarcador e as perspectivas para sua aplicação clínica. Revisão bibliográfica: As evidências demonstram que a MMP-9 participa de processos relacionados à degradação e ao remodelamento dos tecidos periodontais, apresentando níveis significativamente elevados na saliva, no fluido crevicular gengival e nos tecidos periodontais de indivíduos com periodontite, com redução após a terapia periodontal. Esses achados reforçam seu potencial como biomarcador da atividade inflamatória e do monitoramento da resposta ao tratamento. Entretanto, a heterogeneidade metodológica entre os estudos, a ausência de protocolos padronizados para sua quantificação e a falta de valores de referência clinicamente validados ainda limitam sua aplicação na prática clínica. Considerações finais: A MMP-9 desempenha papel relevante na fisiopatologia da periodontite e apresenta potencial como biomarcador complementar para o diagnóstico e o monitoramento da doença periodontal. Contudo, sua incorporação à prática clínica depende da realização de estudos prospectivos, multicêntricos e metodologicamente padronizados que permitam validar sua aplicabilidade clínica.
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