Keywords
Cytokines
BCG
Adults
Neonates
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Abstract
Objective: To evaluate the main cytokines characterized after the induction of immunity trained by the BCG vaccine, in healthy adults and neonates, and to verify if the results found in these two groups present similarities or divergences in the cytokines. Methods: This is a systematic literature review, using the NCBI databases (PubMed platform) and Capes Periodicals to search and select articles, using five descriptors. Results: The results showed that there are no major differences between the findings of cytokines measured in adults and neonates, after induction of trained immunity by the BCG vaccine. These results suggest that trained immunity occurs at any age. Two of the selected studies addressed the results of cytokines measured after one year, demonstrating the permanence of BCG-induced trained immunity in this period. IL-6, IL-1β, TNF-α were the cytokines that stood out the most in the ten selected articles, as they showed high serum levels in most studies. Final considerations: More long-term studies are needed to better understand trained immunity, which would benefit the advancement of new vaccines aimed at human protection against different types of infections by microorganisms.
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