Keywords
Small intestine
Vascular diseases
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Abstract
Objective: To analyze the characteristics of Acute Mesenteric Ischemia (AMI) and Chronic Mesenteric Ischemia (CMI). Bibliographic review: Ischemic intestinal disease is the most common vascular disorder of the gastrointestinal tract and results from the inadequate supply of oxygenated blood to any part of the intestinal wall, and can be divided into ischemia of the small or mesenteric and large intestine. AMI is the sudden appearance of an obstacle to circulation in one or more digestive arteries, leading to intestinal necrosis and peritonitis. BMI results from the inability to achieve adequate postprandial intestinal blood flow, usually due to atherosclerotic occlusive disease at the origin of the mesenteric vessels. Final considerations: AMI and IMC are vascular entities of the intestine and, despite their rarity, representing the smallest part of acute abdominal cases in the emergency department, they represent lethal conditions if they are not diagnosed and treated promptly. There should be a high degree of suspicion in elderly patients with risk factors such as atrial fibrillation for AMI and atherosclerosis for BMI who present with abdominal pain, especially after meals. Both conditions must be thoroughly evaluated and open or endovascular surgery can be chosen.
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