Keywords
Pain Management
Sports Medicine
How to Cite
Copyright © | All rights reserved.
The journal holds the exclusive copyright for the publication of this article under the terms of Brazilian law 9610/98.
Partial reproduction
The use of parts of the texts, figures and questionnaire of the article is free, being mandatory the citation of the authors and journal.
Total reproduction
It is expressly prohibited and must be authorized by the journal.
Abstract
Objective: To evaluate particularities of the diagnosis and treatment of inguinal hernias (IH) in athletes. Method: This is an integrative review carried out using the PMC, VHL, Acervo+ Index Base, LILACS and SciELO bases, using the descriptors associated with the Boolean operator “AND”, in order to expand the results. Results: In total, 721 articles were identified in the selected databases, of which 56 were submitted for abstract reading, of which 30 were selected for full reading. After this, 9 articles remained to compose the database for this review. It was found that true IH is one of the exclusion diagnoses of athlete's pubalgia. In this review, most studies found a significant number of athletes affected by this disease complaining of groin pain. Its diagnosis is generally made with anamnesis and physical examination, and may be complemented with imaging tests, as IH may be clinically absent. Surgical treatment resolved the painful complaint, allowing the athletes to return to their activities. Final considerations: True inguinal hernia may be present in patients with athlete's pubalgia. This complaint must be investigated in these patients, and when identified, surgical correction is effective in improving pain symptoms.
References
ALQAHTANI AS, et al. The Prevalence of Inguinal Hernia Among Athletes in Saudi Arabia: A Cross-Sectional Study. Cureus. 2023; 15(1): e34466.
BÁTORFI J, et al. Sportolók occult lágyéksérve [Occult inguinal-hernia in athletes]. Magy Seb. 2012; 65(1): 14-8.
BROCHADO JMF, DEVESA V. Hérnia do desportista. Monografia (Mestrado Integrado em Medicina). Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto - Portugal, 2017; 32.
BROOKS DC. Sports-related groin pain or 'sports hernia'. UpToDate, 2023; 1.
BROOKS DC, HAWN M. Classification, clinical features, and diagnosis of inguinal and femoral hernias in adults. UpToDate, 2023; 1.
BROPHY RH, et al. Differences between sexes in lower extremity alignment and muscle activation during soccer kick. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2010; 92: 2050-2058.
BRUNT LM. Hernia Management in the Athlete. Adv Surg. 2016; 50(1): 187-202.
Chernyavsky VS, et al. Athlete's hernia--a true, early direct inguinal hernia: diagnosis, pathophysiology, and surgical treatment. Am Surg. 2011; 77(11): 1472-6.
ELATTAR O, et al. Groin Injuries (Athletic Pubalgia) and Return to Play. Sports Health. 2016; 8(4): 313-23.
GAMBORG S, et al. Long-term pain relief after groin hernia repair for sports groin: A nationwide cohort study. Scand J Surg. 2022; 111(1).
JACK RA, et al. Performance and Return to Sport After Sports Hernia Surgery in NFL Players. Orthop J Sports Med. 2017; 5: 2325967117699590.
KINGSNORTH A, LEBLANC K. Hérnias: inguinais e incisionais. Lanceta. 2003; 362: 1561.
KINGSTON JA, et al. Um inquérito europeu sobre a etiologia, investigação e gestão da “Virilha do Desportista”. Hérnia. 2014; 18: 803-10.
KOPELMAN D, et al. The management of sportsman's groin hernia in professional and amateur soccer players: a revised concept. Hernia. 2016; 20(1): 69-75.
LE CB, et al. Total extraperitoneal laparoscopic inguinal hernia repair with adductor tenotomy: a 10-year experience in the treatment of athletic pubalgia. Surg Endosc. 2021; 35(6): 2743-2749.
MEYERS WC, et al. Core muscle injury (a better name than “athletic pubalgia” or “sports hernia”). Current Orthopaedic Practice. 2014; 25: 321.
OLIVEIRA AL, et al. Epidemiological profile of patients diagnosed with athletic pubalgia. Rev Bras Ortop. 2016; 51(6): 692-696.
OLIVEIRA IS, et al. Resultados de técnicas laparoscópicas para herniorrafia inguinal: uma revisão integrativa. REAS. 2021; 13(10): e8629.
PALUMBO P, et al. Open Surgery for Sportsman’s Hernia a Retrospective Study. Front Surg. 2022; 9: 893390.
PARONETO AC, et al. Pubalgia do atleta - diagnóstico e tratamento. Brazilian Journal of Health Review, 2022, 5(3): 8404-8416.
POKORNY H, et al. Fast Early Recovery After Transabdominal Preperitoneal Repair in Athletes with Sportsman's Groin: A Prospective Clinical Cohort Study. J Laparoendosc Adv Surg Tech A. 2017; 27(3): 272-276.
SA D, et al. Athletic groin pain: a systematic review of surgical diagnoses, investigations and treatment. Br J Sports Med. 2016; 50(19): 1181-6.
ŠEBEČIĆ B, et al. - Is chronic groin pain a Bermuda triangle of sports medicine? Acta Clinica Croatica. 2014; 53(4): 471-478.
SHEEN AJ, et al. Tratamento da virilha do esportista: declaração de posição da Sociedade Britânica de Hérnia de 2014 com base na Conferência de Consenso de Manchester. Br J Sports Med, 2014; 48: 1079-1087.
TODESCHINI K, et al. Imaging Assessment of the Pubis in Soccer Players. Rev Bras Ortop. 2019; 54(2).
VASILEFF WK, et al. Inguinal Hernia in Athletes: Role of Dynamic Ultrasound. Sports Health. 2017; 9(5): 414-421.
ZOLAND MP, et al. Referral Patterns for Chronic Groin Pain and Athletic Pubalgia/Sports Hernia: Magnetic Resonance Imaging Findings, Treatment, and Outcomes. Am J Orthop (Belle Mead NJ). 2017; 46(4): E251-E256.