Keywords
Vaping
Cardiovascular system
Nicotine
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Abstract
Objective: To investigate the hemodynamic responses of different groups during exercise testing, focusing on the comparison between non-smokers, e-cigarette (EC) users, and conventional cigarette users. Methods: Experimental study, consisting of 25 male participants: 10 non-smokers, 10 EC users, and 5 users of other types of cigarettes. A maximum exercise test was performed. During the test, heart rate (HR) and blood pressure (BP) were measured. Results: There was no statistically significant difference in HR variations between groups. A trend of greater increase in systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) was observed in cigarette users compared to the control group, although without statistically significant difference. At the end of the recovery phase, EC and other cigarette users did not return to resting BP values, a variation achieved by the control group. Lower maximum oxygen consumption (VO2max) and lower maximum metabolic equivalents of task (METs) were observed in EC smokers. Conclusion: Young individuals, EC users, or users of other types of cigarettes demonstrate lower physical fitness compared to non-smokers, showing the early negative influence of smoking.
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