Keywords
Crown Lengthening
Surgical flaps
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Abstract
Objective: To characterize biologic width, its invasion and analyze limitations and indications for surgical techniques for its restoration. Bibliographic review: Junctional epithelium and conjunctival insertion composed biologic width. Its integrity is essential in dental rehabilitation, preventing periodontal changes. Tooth structure loss located more than 0.5 mm subgingivally and less than 3 mm from the bone crest causes invasion, resulting gingival inflammation, discomfort, bone resorption, gingival recession and pocket formation. Surgical recovery occurs using flap technique, as it allows bone access to perform osteotomy, reestablishing 3mm of healthy root surface coronal to the bone crest, ensuring adequate location of dental rehabilitation cervical end, without harming the periodontium. The amount of keratinized tissue strip determines whether to perform an internal bevel incision, or to preserve gingival tissue with an apically displaced flap. The gingivectomy technique has incisions made on the tooth surface, not allowing bone access, therefore, it is not recommended for recovering biological space. Limitations for surgical recovery of biological space involve aesthetics, root length, type of rehabilitation, crown/root relationship, furcation involvement. Final considerations: To ensure periodontal health, recovery of biological space is essential. Flap surgical techniques are recommended, however, limitations for surgical recovery involve aesthetics and type of rehabilitation.
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