Keywords
Postoperative period
Infectious complications
Antibiotic therapy
Prophylaxis
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Abstract
Objective: To analyze the main infectious complications in the postoperative period of liver transplantation and their respective prophylaxes, with a focus on bacterial, fungal, viral, parasitic, and multidrug-resistant organism infections. Literature review: Bacterial infections are often caused by pathogens such as Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and prophylaxis for these diseases includes perioperative antibiotic use and hospital infection control measures. Fungal infections, particularly from Candida spp. and Aspergillus spp., are prevented with prophylactic antifungals and strict environmental control. Viral infections, such as those caused by cytomegalovirus (CMV), Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), and hepatitis B and C, require continuous monitoring and antiviral prophylaxis. Parasitic infections, although less common, can be severe and require specific prophylaxis for parasites like Toxoplasma gondii and Strongyloides stercoralis. Infections by multidrug-resistant organisms represent a growing challenge, requiring strict infection control strategies and judicious use of antibiotics. Final considerations: The study highlights the importance of a multidisciplinary and integrated approach to managing infections in the postoperative period of liver transplantation, though the increasing antimicrobial resistance poses a significant limitation for effective treatment.
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