Possible repercussions of assisted reproduction on maternal and child health

Abstract

Objective: To analyze the possible impacts of assisted reproduction therapy (ART) on maternal and child health, both in the short and long term. Bibliographic review: Pregnancies resulting from ART may present a higher tendency for complications, such as preeclampsia, preterm birth, and venous thromboembolism. In neonates, there is a higher occurrence of chromosomal alterations and consequences of prematurity. In children, there is a tendency for hypertension, obesity, and insulin resistance, as well as a higher risk for allergic reactions, respiratory problems, autism spectrum disorder, and delays in psychomotor development. In specific cases, there is an increased incidence of acute lymphoblastic leukemia and hepatic carcinoma. Women undergoing ART, particularly those with a history of infertility, show a higher prevalence of breast, endometrial, and ovarian cancer, although the direct relationship with the technique remains controversial due to underlying subfertility factors. Final considerations: Despite the benefits, the risks associated with ART are significant. The indications should be followed by individualized approaches and clear guidance for patients, so they are aware of the potential risks and challenges to maternal and child health. Moreover, future research should be encouraged, and long-term follow-up studies should be conducted, considering confounding biases, to ensure safe guidance by healthcare professionals.